Diseases can occur in all organs of the urinary system (kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra) and can affect the entire system. Urinary system diseases can be caused by disorders in other body systems and can also impact other systems or even the whole body. They mainly manifest in the urinary system itself, such as changes in urination, changes in urine, masses, and pain, but can also appear in other ways, such as high blood pressure, edema, and anemia. The nature of urinary system diseases is mostly similar to that of diseases in other systems, including congenital malformations, infections, immune mechanisms, genetic factors, trauma, tumors, etc.; however, there are also diseases unique to the urinary system, such as glomerulonephritis, urolithiasis, and renal failure.