Model Introduction
HCT-116 is a widely used human colorectal carcinoma cell line originating from primary human colon carcinoma tissue. This cell line possesses rapid proliferation capacity, moderate invasiveness and well-characterized molecular features including microsatellite instability (MSI). The subcutaneous xenograft mouse model established with HCT-116 cells is a standard preclinical in vivo model for colorectal cancer research, extensively applied in anti-tumor drug screening, targeted therapy evaluation, chemoresistance research and nanoparticle drug delivery system validation. This model features stable tumor formation, predictable growth kinetics and convenient real-time tumor volume measurement, suitable for large-scale in vivo pharmacodynamic screening of anti-colorectal cancer agents.
Experimental Principle
Immunodeficient mice lack mature T lymphocytes and cannot generate effective immune rejection against human-derived tumor cells. After harvesting HCT-116 cells in logarithmic growth phase and preparing cell suspension, the suspension is subcutaneously inoculated into the dorsal flank of immunodeficient mice. Tumor cells continuously proliferate in subcutaneous tissue and eventually form solid tumor masses. Regular recording of tumor volume, body weight and survival status of mice enables assessment of in vivo tumor growth kinetics and quantitative analysis of anti-tumor efficacy of test compounds or biological agents.
Model Identification & Detection Indicators
- Tumor volume measurement: From the day of visible tumor formation, tumor length diameter (L) and short diameter (W) are measured every 2–3 days with vernier caliper. Tumor volume formula: TV (mm³) = (L × W²)/2.
- Body weight monitoring: Mouse body weight is weighed synchronously when measuring tumor volume, used to evaluate systemic toxicity induced by tumor burden or drug administration.
- Model success criteria: The tumor formation rate of HCT-116 subcutaneous xenograft model is expected ≥90%. Tumor volume reaches 100–150 mm³ at day 11–17 post inoculation, which is regarded as successfully modeled and available for formal grouping and intervention.
- Histopathological verification: At the end of experiment, tumor tissues are dissected and fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde. Hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining is performed to confirm colorectal carcinoma pathological features; IHC staining can detect biomarkers including CK20, β-catenin, Ki-67 to verify tumor origin and proliferation activity.
Model Advantages
- HCT-116 cell line is widely accepted in colorectal cancer research, abundant published literature, high repeatability of subcutaneous xenograft model.
- Tumor growth rate is rapid and stable, low spontaneous regression rate.
- Cell culture protocol is mature, easy to scale up; subcutaneous inoculation operation is simple, suitable for large sample size pharmacodynamic experiments.
- Dynamic tumor size monitoring is convenient, intuitive comparison of anti-tumor efficacy between experimental groups.
Application Scenarios
- In vivo anti-tumor activity screening of small molecule compounds, chemotherapeutic agents, targeted drugs against colorectal cancer.
- Preclinical evaluation of combination therapy, anti-angiogenic therapy and nanoparticle drug delivery system for colorectal cancer.
- Research on colorectal cancer proliferation, apoptosis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition and chemoresistance related molecular mechanisms.
- Preliminary in vivo pharmacodynamic assessment before orthotopic colorectal cancer model study.
